1. Introduction to C95500 Nickel Aluminum Bronze
C95500 is a premium grade nickel aluminum bronze alloy known for its exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and reliability in demanding applications. This comprehensive analysis covers all aspects of material standards and specifications for C95500 tubes.
2. Chemical Composition Standards
2.1 Primary Composition Requirements
| Yếu tố | Composition Range (%) | Preferred Range (%) | Effects on Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Đồng | 78.0 – 82.0 | 80.0 – 81.0 | Base metal, provides matrix structure |
| Niken (Ni) | 3.0 – 5.5 | 4.0 – 5.0 | Improves strength and corrosion resistance |
| Nhôm (Al) | 8.2 – 9.5 | 8.5 – 9.0 | Forms strengthening precipitates |
| Sắt (Fe) | 3.5 – 4.5 | 3.8 – 4.2 | Enhances grain refinement |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.8 – 1.5 | 1.0 – 1.3 | Improves deoxidation |
2.2 Trace Element Limitations
| Yếu tố | Maximum Limit (%) | Critical Control Point |
|---|---|---|
| Silic (Si) | 0.10 | Affects fluidity |
| Lead (Pb) | 0.03 | Toxicity control |
| Kẽm (Zn) | 0.20 | Dezincification resistance |
| Phốt pho (P) | 0.05 | Grain refinement |
| Lưu huỳnh (S) | 0.05 | Impurity control |
3. Mechanical Properties Standards
3.1 Room Temperature Mechanical Properties
| Tài sản | Tối thiểu | Tối đa | Phương pháp kiểm tra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Độ bền kéo (MPa) | 650 | 790 | ASTM E8 |
| Sức mạnh năng suất (MPa) | 280 | 450 | ASTM E8 |
| Độ giãn dài (%) | 15 | - | ASTM E8 |
| Reduction in Area (%) | 20 | - | ASTM E8 |
| Độ cứng (Brinell) | 170 | 210 | ASTM E10 |
| Impact Strength (Joules) | 34 | - | ASTM E23 |
3.2 Elevated Temperature Properties
| Nhiệt độ (°C) | Độ bền kéo (MPa) | Sức mạnh năng suất (MPa) | Độ giãn dài (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 720 | 350 | 15 |
| 100 | 680 | 330 | 16 |
| 200 | 630 | 300 | 18 |
| 300 | 550 | 270 | 20 |
| 400 | 450 | 230 | 22 |
| 500 | 350 | 180 | 25 |
4. Physical Properties Standards
4.1 Basic Physical Properties
| Tài sản | Giá trị | Units | Phương pháp kiểm tra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tỉ trọng | 7.58 | g / cm³ | ASTM B311 |
| Phạm vi nóng chảy | 1045-1080 | ° C | DSC Analysis |
| Nhiệt dung riêng | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K | ASTM E1269 |
| Dẫn nhiệt | 45 | W/m·K | ASTM E1530 |
| Điện trở suất | 12.8 | μΩ·cm | ASTM B193 |
| Magnetic Permeability | 1.05 | - | ASTM A342 |
4.2 Thermal Properties
| Tài sản | Temperature Range (°C) | Giá trị | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hệ số giãn nở nhiệt | 20-100 | 16.2 | μm/m·K |
| Hệ số giãn nở nhiệt | 20-200 | 16.8 | μm/m·K |
| Hệ số giãn nở nhiệt | 20-300 | 17.3 | μm/m·K |
| Nhiệt dung riêng | 20-100 | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K |
| Thermal Diffusivity | 20-100 | 15.8 | mm²/s |
5. Dimensional Standards
5.1 Standard Tube Dimensions
| Nominal OD (mm) | Wall Thickness Options (mm) | Standard Lengths (m) | Weight (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15.88 – 25.4 | 1.65, 2.11, 3.38 | 3, 6 | 0.6 – 1.8 |
| 31.75 – 50.8 | 2.11, 3.18, 4.78 | 3, 6 | 1.5 – 5.2 |
| 63.5 – 101.6 | 3.18, 4.78, 6.35 | 3, 6 | 4.8 – 15.3 |
| 114.3 – 219.1 | 4.78, 6.35, 12.7 | 3, 6 | 13.2 – 65.8 |
| 273.0 – 406.4 | 6.35, 12.7, 19.1 | 3, 6 | 41.5 – 182.6 |
5.2 Manufacturing Tolerances
| Kích thước | Phạm vi kích thước | Lòng khoan dung | Inspection Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter | ≤ 50mm | ±0.25mm | Micrometer |
| Outside Diameter | > 50mm | ±0.5% | Caliper |
| Wall Thickness | All | ±10% | Ultrasonic |
| Chiều dài | All | +3mm, -0mm | Tape Measure |
| Straightness | All | 1.5mm/m | Straightedge |
| Ovality | All | 1% of OD | Dial Gauge |
6. Surface Finish Requirements
6.1 Surface Finish Classifications
| Lớp học | Ra Value (μm) | Ứng dụng | Inspection Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | 0.4 – 0.8 | Critical Flow | Profilometer |
| Class B | 0.8 – 1.6 | General Hydraulic | Visual + Measurement |
| Class C | 1.6 – 3.2 | Standard Industrial | Visual |
| Class D | 3.2 – 6.3 | Non-Critical | Visual |
6.2 Surface Defect Tolerances
| Defect Type | Maximum Allowable Depth | Maximum Length | Repair Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scratches | 0.1mm | 25mm | Đánh bóng |
| Pits | 0.2mm | 3mm | Not Required |
| Dents | Not Allowed | - | Rejection |
| Tool Marks | 0.05mm | 10mm | Đánh bóng |
7. Quality Control Standards
7.1 Required Testing Procedures
| Test Type | Tiêu chuẩn | Frequency | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phân tích hóa học | ASTM E478 | Per Heat | Within Composition Limits |
| Tensile Testing | ASTM E8 | Per Lot | Meet Mechanical Properties |
| Hardness Testing | ASTM E10 | Per Lot | Within Specified Range |
| Ultrasonic Testing | ASTM E213 | 100% | No Reportable Indications |
| Hydrostatic Testing | ASTM E498 | 100% | No Leakage |
| Visual Inspection | ASTM B666 | 100% | No Visual Defects |
7.2 Non-Destructive Testing Requirements
| NDT Method | Tiêu chuẩn | Coverage | Acceptance Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasonic | ASTM E213 | 100% | Class 1 |
| Penetrant | ASTM E165 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Radiographic | ASTM E1742 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Eddy Current | ASTM E243 | Optional | Class 1 |
8. Heat Treatment Standards
8.1 Heat Treatment Parameters
| Tiến trình | Temperature Range (°C) | Time (Hours) | Cooling Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution Annealing | 870-900 | 1-2 | Water Quench |
| Giảm stress | 350-400 | 2-3 | Air Cool |
| Age Hardening | 450-500 | 2-4 | Air Cool |
| Homogenization | 750-800 | 4-6 | Furnace Cool |
8.2 Post-Heat Treatment Properties
| Tài sản | As-Cast | Solution Annealed | Age Hardened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Độ bền kéo (MPa) | 550-650 | 650-750 | 700-800 |
| Sức mạnh năng suất (MPa) | 250-300 | 280-350 | 350-450 |
| Độ giãn dài (%) | 12-15 | 15-18 | 10-15 |
| Độ cứng (HB) | 150-170 | 170-190 | 190-220 |
9. Corrosion Resistance Standards
9.1 Corrosion Rate Data
| Môi trường | Nhiệt độ (°C) | Corrosion Rate (mm/year) | Phương pháp kiểm tra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nước biển | 20 | 0.025 | ASTM G31 |
| Nước ngọt | 20 | 0.013 | ASTM G31 |
| 3% NaCl | 20 | 0.028 | ASTM G31 |
| 10% H₂SO₄ | 20 | 0.15 | ASTM G31 |
| Industrial Atmosphere | 20 | 0.008 | ASTM G50 |
9.2 Galvanic Compatibility
| Coupled Material | Galvanic Potential (mV) | Compatibility Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 316 Stainless Steel | +50 | Tốt |
| Thép carbon | -300 | Nghèo |
| Monels 400 | +30 | Xuất sắc |
| Titan | +200 | Hội chợ |
| Aluminum Bronze | -20 | Xuất sắc |
10. Industry-Specific Standards
10.1 Marine Industry Requirements
| Tiêu chuẩn | Organization | Yêu cầu | Ứng dụng |
|---|---|---|---|
| NACE MR0175 | NACE | Sour Service | Ngoài khơi |
| DNV-GL Rules | DNV-GL | Marine Grade | Shipbuilding |
| ABS Rules | ABS | Marine Grade | Naval Vessels |
| Lloyd’s Register | LR | Marine Grade | Commercial Marine |
10.2 Pressure Equipment Standards
| Tiêu chuẩn | Region | Pressure Rating | Phạm vi nhiệt độ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASME B31.3 | Quốc tế | Class 150-300 | -29°C to 260°C |
| PED 2014/68 / EU | Châu Âu | Category I-IV | -10°C to 200°C |
| AS1210 | Châu Úc | Class 150-300 | -20°C to 200°C |
| JIS B8285 | Nhật Bản | K10-K20 | -10°C to 200°C |
11. Certification Requirements
11.1 Material Certification Types
| Certificate Type | Tiêu chuẩn | Nội dung | Ứng dụng |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Certificate | EN 10204 | Chemical & Mechanical | Tiêu chuẩn |
| 3.2 Certificate | EN 10204 | Third Party Verified | Critical Service |
| Type Test | ASTM A450 | Production Testing | Qualification |
| PMI Certificate | ASTM E1916 | Material Verification | Special Cases |
11.2 Quality System Requirements
| Hệ thống | Tiêu chuẩn | Phạm vi | Audit Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 9001 | Quản lý chất lượng | Full System | Annual |
| ISO 14001 | Environmental | Tác động môi trường | Annual |
| ISO 45001 | Sự an toàn | Occupational Health | Annual |
| API Q1 | Oil & Gas | Product Quality | Biennial |
12. Storage and Handling Standards
12.1 Storage Requirements
| Diện mạo | Requirement | Monitoring | Tài liệu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nhiệt độ | 10-30°C | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Humidity | <60% RH | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Stacking | Max 3 Layers | Per Movement | Inspection Report |
| Protection | UV Protected | Monthly | Condition Report |
12.2 Handling Specifications
| Hoạt động | Tốc độ dao động từ bảy mảnh mỗi phút đối với máy âm lượng thấp đến | Procedure | Safety Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loading | Crane/Forklift | Standard Lift | PPE Required |
| Transport | Cushioned Rack | Secured Load | Load Testing |
| Unloading | Crane/Forklift | Controlled Lower | Safety Zone |
| Storage | Rack System | Organized Stack | Regular Inspection |
This comprehensive analysis of C95500 nickel aluminum bronze tubes provides detailed material standards and specifications for engineering, procurement, and quality control purposes. All specifications should be verified against current standards and specific project requirements.