1. Introduction to C95500 Nickel Aluminum Bronze
C95500 is a premium grade nickel aluminum bronze alloy known for its exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and reliability in demanding applications. This comprehensive analysis covers all aspects of material standards and specifications for C95500 tubes.
2. Chemical Composition Standards
2.1 Primary Composition Requirements
| Öğe | Composition Range (%) | Preferred Range (%) | Effects on Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bakır | 78.0 – 82.0 | 80.0 – 81.0 | Base metal, provides matrix structure |
| Nikel (Ni) | 3.0 – 5.5 | 4.0 – 5.0 | Improves strength and corrosion resistance |
| Alüminyum (Al) | 8.2 – 9.5 | 8.5 – 9.0 | Forms strengthening precipitates |
| Demir (Fe) | 3.5 – 4.5 | 3.8 – 4.2 | Enhances grain refinement |
| Manganez (Mn) | 0.8 – 1.5 | 1.0 – 1.3 | Improves deoxidation |
2.2 Trace Element Limitations
| Öğe | Maximum Limit (%) | Critical Control Point |
|---|---|---|
| Silikon (Si) | 00,10 | Affects fluidity |
| Kurşun (Pb) | 00,03 | Toxicity control |
| Çinko (Zn) | 00,20 | Dezincification resistance |
| Fosfor (P) | 00,05 | Grain refinement |
| Kükürt (S) | 00,05 | Impurity control |
3. Mechanical Properties Standards
3.1 Room Temperature Mechanical Properties
| Mülk | Asgari | Maksimum | Test metodu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Çekme Dayanımı (MPa) | 650 | 790 | ASTM E8 |
| Akma Dayanımı (MPa) | 280 | 450 | ASTM E8 |
| Uzama (%) | 15 | – | ASTM E8 |
| Reduction in Area (%) | 20 | – | ASTM E8 |
| Sertlik (Brinell) | 170 | 210 | ASTM E10 |
| Impact Strength (Joules) | 34 | – | ASTM E23 |
3.2 Elevated Temperature Properties
| Sıcaklık (°C) | Çekme Dayanımı (MPa) | Akma Dayanımı (MPa) | Uzama (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 720 | 350 | 15 |
| 100 | 680 | 330 | 16 |
| 200 | 630 | 300 | 18 |
| 300 | 550 | 270 | 20 |
| 400 | 450 | 230 | 22 |
| 500 | 350 | 180 | 25 |
4. Physical Properties Standards
4.1 Basic Physical Properties
| Mülk | Değer | Units | Test metodu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoğunluk | 7.58 | g/cm³ | ASTM B311 |
| Erime aralığı | 1045-1080 | °C | DSC Analysis |
| Özısı | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K | ASTM E1269 |
| Termal iletkenlik | 45 | W/m·K | ASTM E1530 |
| Elektriksel Direnç | 12.8 | μΩ·cm | ASTM B193 |
| Manyetik geçirgenlik | 1.05 | – | ASTM A342 |
4.2 Thermal Properties
| Mülk | Temperature Range (°C) | Değer | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 20-100 | 16.2 | μm/m·K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 20-200 | 16.8 | μm/m·K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 20-300 | 17.3 | μm/m·K |
| Özgül Isı Kapasitesi | 20-100 | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K |
| Thermal Diffusivity | 20-100 | 15.8 | mm²/s |
5. Dimensional Standards
5.1 Standard Tube Dimensions
| Nominal OD (mm) | Wall Thickness Options (mm) | Standard Lengths (m) | Weight (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15.88 – 25.4 | 1.65, 2.11, 3.38 | 3, 6 | 0.6 – 1.8 |
| 31.75 – 50.8 | 2.11, 3.18, 4.78 | 3, 6 | 1.5 – 5.2 |
| 63.5 – 101.6 | 3.18, 4.78, 6.35 | 3, 6 | 4.8 – 15.3 |
| 114.3 – 219.1 | 4.78, 6.35, 12.7 | 3, 6 | 13.2 – 65.8 |
| 273.0 – 406.4 | 6.35, 12.7, 19.1 | 3, 6 | 41.5 – 182.6 |
5.2 Manufacturing Tolerances
| Boyut | Boyut aralığı | Hata payı | Inspection Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter | ≤ 50mm | ±0.25mm | Micrometer |
| Outside Diameter | > 50mm | ±0.5% | Caliper |
| Wall Thickness | All | ±10% | Ultrasonic |
| Uzunluk | All | +3mm, -0mm | Tape Measure |
| Straightness | All | 1.5mm/m | Straightedge |
| Ovality | All | 1% of OD | Dial Gauge |
6. Surface Finish Requirements
6.1 Surface Finish Classifications
| Sınıf | Ra Value (μm) | Başvuru | Inspection Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | 0.4 – 0.8 | Critical Flow | Profilometer |
| Class B | 0.8 – 1.6 | General Hydraulic | Visual + Measurement |
| Class C | 1.6 – 3.2 | Standard Industrial | Visual |
| Class D | 3.2 – 6.3 | Non-Critical | Visual |
6.2 Surface Defect Tolerances
| Defect Type | Maximum Allowable Depth | Maximum Length | Repair Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scratches | 0.1mm | 25mm | Parlatma |
| Pits | 0.2mm | 3mm | Not Required |
| Dents | Not Allowed | – | Rejection |
| Tool Marks | 0.05mm | 10mm | Parlatma |
7. Quality Control Standards
7.1 Required Testing Procedures
| Test Type | Standart | Frequency | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kimyasal analiz | ASTM E478 | Per Heat | Within Composition Limits |
| Tensile Testing | ASTM E8 | Per Lot | Meet Mechanical Properties |
| Hardness Testing | ASTM E10 | Per Lot | Within Specified Range |
| Ultrasonic Testing | ASTM E213 | 100% | No Reportable Indications |
| Hydrostatic Testing | ASTM E498 | 100% | No Leakage |
| Visual Inspection | ASTM B666 | 100% | No Visual Defects |
7.2 Non-Destructive Testing Requirements
| NDT Method | Standart | Coverage | Acceptance Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasonic | ASTM E213 | 100% | Class 1 |
| Penetrant | ASTM E165 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Radiographic | ASTM E1742 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Eddy Current | ASTM E243 | Optional | Class 1 |
8. Heat Treatment Standards
8.1 Heat Treatment Parameters
| İşlem | Temperature Range (°C) | Time (Hours) | Cooling Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution Annealing | 870-900 | 1-2 | Water Quench |
| Stres Giderme | 350-400 | 2-3 | Air Cool |
| Age Hardening | 450-500 | 2-4 | Air Cool |
| Homogenization | 750-800 | 4-6 | Furnace Cool |
8.2 Post-Heat Treatment Properties
| Mülk | As-Cast | Solution Annealed | Age Hardened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Çekme Dayanımı (MPa) | 550-650 | 650-750 | 700-800 |
| Akma Dayanımı (MPa) | 250-300 | 280-350 | 350-450 |
| Uzama (%) | 12-15 | 15-18 | 10-15 |
| Sertlik (HB) | 150-170 | 170-190 | 190-220 |
9. Corrosion Resistance Standards
9.1 Corrosion Rate Data
| Çevre | Sıcaklık (°C) | Korozyon Hızı (mm/yıl) | Test metodu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deniz suyu | 20 | 00,025 | ASTM G31 |
| Temiz su | 20 | 0.013 | ASTM G31 |
| 3% NaCl | 20 | 0.028 | ASTM G31 |
| 10% H₂SO₄ | 20 | 00,15 | ASTM G31 |
| Endüstriyel Atmosfer | 20 | 0.008 | ASTM G50 |
9.2 Galvanic Compatibility
| Coupled Material | Galvanic Potential (mV) | Compatibility Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 316 Paslanmaz Çelik | +50 | İyi |
| Carbon Steel | -300 | Fakir |
| Monel 400 | +30 | Harika |
| Titanyum | +200 | Adil |
| Alüminyum Bronz | -20 | Harika |
10. Industry-Specific Standards
10.1 Marine Industry Requirements
| Standart | Organization | Requirements | Başvuru |
|---|---|---|---|
| NACE MR0175 | NACE | Sour Service | Offshore |
| DNV-GL Rules | DNV-GL | Marine Grade | Shipbuilding |
| ABS Rules | ABS | Marine Grade | Naval Vessels |
| Lloyd’s Register | LR | Marine Grade | Commercial Marine |
10.2 Pressure Equipment Standards
| Standart | Region | Pressure Rating | Sıcaklık Aralığı |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASME B31.3 | Uluslararası | Class 150-300 | -29°C to 260°C |
| PED 2014/68/EU | Avrupa | Category I-IV | -10°C to 200°C |
| AS1210 | Avustralya | Class 150-300 | -20°C to 200°C |
| JIS B8285 | Japonya | K10-K20 | -10°C to 200°C |
11. Certification Requirements
11.1 Material Certification Types
| Certificate Type | Standart | Content | Başvuru |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Certificate | EN 10204 | Chemical & Mechanical | Standart |
| 3.2 Certificate | EN 10204 | Third Party Verified | Critical Service |
| Type Test | ASTM A450 | Production Testing | Qualification |
| PMI Certificate | ASTM E1916 | Material Verification | Special Cases |
11.2 Quality System Requirements
| Sistem | Standart | Scope | Audit Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 9001 | Quality Management | Full System | Annual |
| ISO 14001 | Environmental | Çevresel Etki | Annual |
| ISO 45001 | Emniyet | Occupational Health | Annual |
| API Q1 | Oil & Gas | Product Quality | Biennial |
12. Storage and Handling Standards
12.1 Storage Requirements
| Bakış açısı | Requirement | Monitoring | Dokümantasyon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sıcaklık | 10-30°C | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Humidity | <60% RH | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Stacking | Max 3 Layers | Per Movement | Inspection Report |
| Protection | UV Protected | Monthly | Condition Report |
12.2 Handling Specifications
| Operation | Equipment | Procedure | Safety Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loading | Crane/Forklift | Standard Lift | PPE Required |
| Transport | Cushioned Rack | Secured Load | Load Testing |
| Unloading | Crane/Forklift | Controlled Lower | Safety Zone |
| Storage | Rack System | Organized Stack | Düzenli Muayene |
This comprehensive analysis of C95500 nickel aluminum bronze tubes provides detailed material standards and specifications for engineering, procurement, and quality control purposes. All specifications should be verified against current standards and specific project requirements.