12L14 and 1018 are two different grades of steel with distinct compositions and properties, particularly notable in terms of machinability:
- Composition:
- 12L14: This is a free machining steel, also known as “lead steel” because it contains lead. The composition typically includes 0.15%-0.35% lead, 0.60%-1.00% manganese, 0.04%-0.09% phosphorus, and 0.26%-0.35% sulfur. The addition of lead improves machinability but reduces ductility and impact resistance.
- 1018: This is a general purpose mild low carbon steel. The composition usually contains 0.14%-0.20% carbon and 0.60%-0.90% manganese. It does not contain intentionally added lead or other elements for enhanced machinability.
- Machinability:
- 12L14: The addition of lead in 12L14 steel significantly improves its machinability. Lead acts as a lubricant, reducing friction and thereby facilitating faster cutting speeds and smoother finishes. This makes it ideal for machining operations where high-speed tooling is used.
- 1018: While 1018 steel is also machinable, it does not have the same level of machinability as 12L14. Machining operations with 1018 typically require slower speeds and more power compared to 12L14.
- Other Properties:
- 12L14: Apart from improved machinability, 12L14 steel has lower mechanical properties compared to 1018. It is softer and less strong, making it more suitable for applications where machining ease is prioritized over strength.
- 1018: It is stronger and more ductile compared to 12L14. 1018 steel is commonly used in applications where moderate strength and good weldability are required.
- Applications:
- 12L14: Typically used in applications where extensive machining is required, such as in automatic screw machines, CNC machining centers, and precision parts where a smooth finish is critical.
- 1018: Used in a wide range of applications including gears, shafts, axles, studs, bolts, and hydraulic cylinders where moderate strength and good machinability are sufficient.
In summary, the primary difference between 12L14 free cutting steel and 1018 steel lies in their composition and resulting properties, especially their machinability due to the presence of lead in 12L14. The choice between them depends on the specific requirements of the application, with 12L14 being favored for its superior machin