1. Introduction to C95500 Nickel Aluminum Bronze
C95500 is a premium grade nickel aluminum bronze alloy known for its exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and reliability in demanding applications. This comprehensive analysis covers all aspects of material standards and specifications for C95500 tubes.
2. Chemical Composition Standards
2.1 Primary Composition Requirements
| Element | Zakres składu (%) | Preferred Range (%) | Effects on Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miedź | 78.0 – 82.0 | 80.0 – 81.0 | Base metal, provides matrix structure |
| Nikiel (Ni) | 3.0 – 5.5 | 4.0 – 5.0 | Improves strength and corrosion resistance |
| Aluminium (Al) | 8.2 – 9.5 | 8.5 – 9.0 | Forms strengthening precipitates |
| żelazo (Fe) | 3.5 – 4.5 | 3.8 – 4.2 | Enhances grain refinement |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.8 – 1.5 | 1.0 – 1.3 | Improves deoxidation |
2.2 Trace Element Limitations
| Element | Maximum Limit (%) | Critical Control Point |
|---|---|---|
| Krzem (Si) | 0.10 | Affects fluidity |
| Ołów (Pb) | 00,03 | Toxicity control |
| Cynk (Zn) | 0.20 | Dezincification resistance |
| Fosfor (P) | 00,05 | Grain refinement |
| Siarka (S) | 00,05 | Impurity control |
3. Mechanical Properties Standards
3.1 Room Temperature Mechanical Properties
| Nieruchomość | Minimum | Maksymalny | Metoda badania |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie (MPa) | 650 | 790 | ASTM E8 |
| Granica plastyczności (MPa) | 280 | 450 | ASTM E8 |
| Wydłużenie (%) | 15 | – | ASTM E8 |
| Reduction in Area (%) | 20 | – | ASTM E8 |
| Twardość (Brinell) | 170 | 210 | ASTM E10 |
| Impact Strength (Joules) | 34 | – | ASTM E23 |
3.2 Elevated Temperature Properties
| Temperatura (°C) | Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie (MPa) | Granica plastyczności (MPa) | Wydłużenie (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 720 | 350 | 15 |
| 100 | 680 | 330 | 16 |
| 200 | 630 | 300 | 18 |
| 300 | 550 | 270 | 20 |
| 400 | 450 | 230 | 22 |
| 500 | 350 | 180 | 25 |
4. Physical Properties Standards
4.1 Basic Physical Properties
| Nieruchomość | Wartość | Units | Metoda badania |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gęstość | 7.58 | g/cm³ | ASTM B311 |
| Zakres topnienia | 1045-1080 | °C | DSC Analysis |
| Ciepło właściwe | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K | ASTM E1269 |
| Przewodność cieplna | 45 | W/m·K | ASTM E1530 |
| Rezystancja | 12.8 | μΩ·cm | ASTM B193 |
| Przepuszczalność magnetyczna | 1.05 | – | ASTM A342 |
4.2 Thermal Properties
| Nieruchomość | Temperature Range (°C) | Wartość | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Współczynnik rozszerzalności cieplnej | 20-100 | 16.2 | μm/m·K |
| Współczynnik rozszerzalności cieplnej | 20-200 | 16.8 | μm/m·K |
| Współczynnik rozszerzalności cieplnej | 20-300 | 17.3 | μm/m·K |
| Specyficzna pojemność cieplna | 20-100 | 0.377 | kJ/kg·K |
| Dyfuzyjność cieplna | 20-100 | 15.8 | mm²/s |
5. Dimensional Standards
5.1 Standard Tube Dimensions
| Nominal OD (mm) | Wall Thickness Options (mm) | Standard Lengths (m) | Weight (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15.88 – 25.4 | 1.65, 2.11, 3.38 | 3, 6 | 0.6 – 1.8 |
| 31.75 – 50.8 | 2.11, 3.18, 4.78 | 3, 6 | 1.5 – 5.2 |
| 63.5 – 101.6 | 3.18, 4.78, 6.35 | 3, 6 | 4.8 – 15.3 |
| 114.3 – 219.1 | 4.78, 6.35, 12.7 | 3, 6 | 13.2 – 65.8 |
| 273.0 – 406.4 | 6.35, 12.7, 19.1 | 3, 6 | 41.5 – 182.6 |
5.2 Manufacturing Tolerances
| Wymiar | Zakres rozmiarów | Tolerancja | Metoda inspekcji |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter | ≤ 50mm | ±0.25mm | Micrometer |
| Outside Diameter | > 50mm | ±0.5% | Caliper |
| Grubość ściany | All | ±10% | Ultrasonic |
| Długość | All | +3mm, -0mm | Tape Measure |
| Straightness | All | 1.5mm/m | Straightedge |
| Ovality | All | 1% of OD | Dial Gauge |
6. Surface Finish Requirements
6.1 Surface Finish Classifications
| Klasa | Ra Value (μm) | Podanie | Metoda inspekcji |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | 0.4 – 0.8 | Critical Flow | Profilometer |
| Class B | 0.8 – 1.6 | General Hydraulic | Visual + Measurement |
| Class C | 1.6 – 3.2 | Standard Industrial | Visual |
| Class D | 3.2 – 6.3 | Non-Critical | Visual |
6.2 Surface Defect Tolerances
| Defect Type | Maximum Allowable Depth | Maximum Length | Repair Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scratches | 0.1mm | 25mm | Polerowanie |
| Pits | 0.2mm | 3mm | Not Required |
| Dents | Not Allowed | – | Rejection |
| Tool Marks | 0.05mm | 10mm | Polerowanie |
7. Quality Control Standards
7.1 Required Testing Procedures
| Typ testu | Standard | Częstotliwość | Kryteria akceptacji |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analiza chemiczna | ASTM E478 | Per Heat | Within Composition Limits |
| Tensile Testing | ASTM E8 | Per Lot | Meet Mechanical Properties |
| Hardness Testing | ASTM E10 | Per Lot | Within Specified Range |
| Badania ultradźwiękowe | ASTM E213 | 100% | No Reportable Indications |
| Hydrostatic Testing | ASTM E498 | 100% | No Leakage |
| Kontrola wizualna | ASTM B666 | 100% | No Visual Defects |
7.2 Non-Destructive Testing Requirements
| NDT Method | Standard | Coverage | Acceptance Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasonic | ASTM E213 | 100% | Class 1 |
| Penetrant | ASTM E165 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Radiographic | ASTM E1742 | As Required | Level 2 |
| Eddy Current | ASTM E243 | Optional | Class 1 |
8. Heat Treatment Standards
8.1 Heat Treatment Parameters
| Proces | Temperature Range (°C) | Time (Hours) | Cooling Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution Annealing | 870-900 | 1-2 | Water Quench |
| Odprężające | 350-400 | 2-3 | Air Cool |
| Utwardzanie wiekowe | 450-500 | 2-4 | Air Cool |
| Homogenizacja | 750-800 | 4-6 | Furnace Cool |
8.2 Post-Heat Treatment Properties
| Nieruchomość | As-Cast | Wyżarzony w roztworze | Age Hardened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie (MPa) | 550-650 | 650-750 | 700-800 |
| Granica plastyczności (MPa) | 250-300 | 280-350 | 350-450 |
| Wydłużenie (%) | 12-15 | 15-18 | 10-15 |
| Twardość (HB) | 150-170 | 170-190 | 190-220 |
9. Corrosion Resistance Standards
9.1 Corrosion Rate Data
| Środowisko | Temperatura (°C) | Corrosion Rate (mm/year) | Metoda badania |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seawater | 20 | 00,025 | ASTM G31 |
| Fresh Water | 20 | 0.013 | ASTM G31 |
| 3% NaCl | 20 | 0.028 | ASTM G31 |
| 10% H₂SO₄ | 20 | 0.15 | ASTM G31 |
| Industrial Atmosphere | 20 | 0.008 | ASTM G50 |
9.2 Galvanic Compatibility
| Coupled Material | Galvanic Potential (mV) | Compatibility Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Stal nierdzewna 316 | +50 | Dobrze |
| Stal węglowa | -300 | Słaby |
| Monele 400 | +30 | Doskonały |
| Tytan | +200 | Sprawiedliwy |
| Brąz aluminiowy | -20 | Doskonały |
10. Industry-Specific Standards
10.1 Marine Industry Requirements
| Standard | Organization | Wymagania | Podanie |
|---|---|---|---|
| NACE MR0175 | NACE | Sour Service | Offshore |
| DNV-GL Rules | DNV-GL | Marine Grade | Shipbuilding |
| ABS Rules | ABS | Marine Grade | Naval Vessels |
| Lloyd’s Register | LR | Marine Grade | Commercial Marine |
10.2 Pressure Equipment Standards
| Standard | Region | Ocena ciśnienia | Zakres temperatur |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASME B31.3 | International | Class 150-300 | -29°C to 260°C |
| PED 2014/68/UE | Europa | Category I-IV | -10°C to 200°C |
| AS1210 | Australia | Class 150-300 | -20°C to 200°C |
| JIS B8285 | Japonia | K10-K20 | -10°C to 200°C |
11. Certification Requirements
11.1 Material Certification Types
| Typ certyfikatu | Standard | Treść | Podanie |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Certificate | EN 10204 | Chemical & Mechanical | Standard |
| 3.2 Certificate | EN 10204 | Third Party Verified | Critical Service |
| Type Test | ASTM A450 | Production Testing | Qualification |
| PMI Certificate | ASTM E1916 | Weryfikacja materiału | Special Cases |
11.2 Quality System Requirements
| System | Standard | Scope | Audit Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 9001 | Quality Management | Full System | Annual |
| ISO 14001 | Environmental | Environmental Impact | Annual |
| ISO 45001 | Safety | Occupational Health | Annual |
| API Q1 | Oil & Gas | Product Quality | Biennial |
12. Storage and Handling Standards
12.1 Storage Requirements
| Aspekt | Requirement | Monitoring | Dokumentacja |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperatura | 10-30°C | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Humidity | <60% RH | Daily | Log Sheet |
| Stacking | Max 3 Layers | Per Movement | Inspection Report |
| Protection | UV Protected | Miesięczny | Condition Report |
12.2 Handling Specifications
| Operation | Equipment | Procedure | Wymagania bezpieczeństwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loading | Crane/Forklift | Standard Lift | PPE Required |
| Transport | Cushioned Rack | Secured Load | Load Testing |
| Unloading | Crane/Forklift | Controlled Lower | Safety Zone |
| Storage | Rack System | Organized Stack | Regular Inspection |
This comprehensive analysis of C95500 nickel aluminum bronze tubes provides detailed material standards and specifications for engineering, procurement, and quality control purposes. All specifications should be verified against current standards and specific project requirements.