Introduction
C63000 is a nickel-aluminum bronze alloy known for its exceptional mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and versatility in application. These features make it a preferred choice in marine, industrial, and aerospace sectors. Understanding the equivalent grades of C63000 is essential for engineers and material specialists to ensure compatibility and optimal performance across various projects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of C63000, including its specifications, common equivalent materials, and practical applications.
1. Importance of Equivalent Grades
The concept of equivalent grades is vital in material science. Equivalent grades refer to alternate materials that can perform similarly under specific conditions. This is particularly important when sourcing materials across different standards or dealing with supply chain issues. In the case of C63000, knowing its equivalents allows for flexibility in project design and sourcing.
2. Chemical Composition of C63000
The chemical composition of C63000 plays a crucial role in defining its physical and mechanical properties. Below is the standard composition as specified by AMS 4640:
| Element | Percentage Range |
|---|---|
| Copper | Rem. (Remainder) |
| Tin | 0.20% |
| Zinc | 0.30% |
| Iron | 2.00 – 4.00% |
| Nickel | 4.00 – 5.50% |
| Aluminum | 9.00 – 11.00% |
| Manganese | 1.50% |
| Silicon | 0.25% |
Significance of Composition
- Copper is the primary element, dictating most properties.
- The addition of aluminum enhances corrosion resistance and strength.
- Nickel contributes to mechanical strength and improves overall durability.
3. Equivalent Specifications
C63000 is recognized in multiple standards, making it easier to find substitutes that maintain similar properties. The following table details the equivalent specifications of C63000:
| CDA | ASTM | SAE | AMS | Federal | Military |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C63000 | B150, B150M | J461, J463 | 4640 | QQ-C-465B AMD1 | – |
Implications of Equivalent Grades
- Engaging with these equivalent materials can help address supply issues.
- Standards such as ASTM and SAE ensure that materials meet specific performance benchmarks, thereby streamlining procurement processes.
4. Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of C63000 highlight its strength and durability, making it suitable for demanding applications. The following tables summarize the mechanical properties based on size:
4.1 Mechanical Properties for Various Sizes
Up to 1 inch (Rounds / Hexagons / Octagons)
| Property | Minimum | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 110 | ksi (760 MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 68 | ksi (470 MPa) |
| Elongation in 4D | 10 | % |
| Hardness | 201-248 | HB |
Over 1 inch to 2 inches
| Property | Minimum | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 110 | ksi (760 MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 60 | ksi (415 MPa) |
| Elongation in 4D | 10 | % |
| Hardness | 201-248 | HB |
Over 2 inches to 3 inches
| Property | Minimum | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 105 | ksi (725 MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 55 | ksi (380 MPa) |
| Elongation in 4D | 10 | % |
| Hardness | 187-241 | HB |
Over 3 inches to 5 inches
| Property | Minimum | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 100 | ksi (690 MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 50 | ksi (345 MPa) |
| Elongation in 4D | 10 | % |
| Hardness | 187-241 | HB |
4.2 General Observations
These mechanical properties make C63000 suitable for a wide range of applications, from marine hardware to critical aerospace components.
5. Physical Properties
C63000 possesses several physical attributes critical to its performance in different environments. The following table summarizes key physical properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Melting Point – Liquidus | 1930 °F (1054 °C) |
| Melting Point – Solidus | 1895 °F (1035 °C) |
| Density | 0.274 lb/in³ (7.58 g/cm³) |
| Electrical Conductivity | 7% IACS |
| Thermal Conductivity | 22.6 Btu/sq ft/ft hr/°F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.09 Btu/lb/°F |
Importance of Physical Properties
These properties are vital when considering applications that may involve high temperatures, electrical conductivity, or significant weight constraints.
6. Fabrication and Machinability
C63000 allows for various methods of fabrication. The suitability of different techniques varies:
| Technique | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Gas Shielded Arc Welding | Good |
| Coated Metal Arc Welding | Good |
| Spot Welding | Good |
| Cold Working | Poor |
| Hot Forming | Good |
Fabrication Considerations
Understanding the capabilities and limitations of these fabrication methods helps manufacturers optimize production processes and reduce costs.
7. Applications
C63000 is utilized in a wide array of applications across different industries due to its properties:
7.1 Marine Applications
- Shipbuilding
- Pumps and propellers
- Marine hardware
7.2 Industrial Applications
- Gears
- Bearings
- Fluid power applications
7.3 Aerospace Applications
- Structural components
- Fasteners
- Turbine components
Conclusion
C63000 nickel-aluminum bronze alloy is a versatile material with excellent mechanical and physical properties, making it suitable for various applications across multiple industries. By understanding its specifications and equivalent grades, engineers and material specialists can ensure proper material selection to meet specific project needs.
Summary of Key Points
- C63000 has a unique chemical composition vital for its performance.
- Knowledge of equivalent grades allows for flexibility in material sourcing.
- Mechanical and physical properties make it suitable for marine, industrial, and aerospace applications.
This comprehensive overview serves as a foundation for further exploration into C63000 and its applications, supporting the engineering community in making informed decisions.